JMMC

The rise of internet derived information obstruction treatment (IDIOT) syn-drome in Pakistan.

Munawar Hussain Soomro — 2024-10-06

Abstract: Few decades ago, when there was no internet the management of the patient was entirely based upon the clinical ex-amination, clinical investigation and diagnosis by the doctor. However, with the availability of internet and easy ap-proach to smart phone has led to the introduction of a new element into the management of patient. This new element is information derived from internet by the patient or his/her family members.

Keywords: : IDIOT Syndrome, Internet derived information, Pakistan, Health care

Correlation between vertical dimension of occlusion and length of fingers in dentate subjects.

Paras Talpur — 2024-10-06

Objective: To determine whether there is a correlation between finger length and the vertical dimension of occlusion in dentate individuals attending the prosthodontics department at Muhammad Dental College, Mirpurkhas.
Methodology: During this cross-sectional study 2023-2024, 218 patients with crown & bridge were included. Clinical an-thropometric measures were taken. The subjects received instructions to softly bite on their back teeth, keep their lips in passive contact, and keep their heads well-stabilized in order to retrieve the VDO. A Vernier caliper was then used to measure the distance. Each parameter was measured three times and average value was recorded.
Results: Average age of the patients was 25.39±2.58 years. The parameters for index finger length (r=0.669; p=0.0005), little finger length (r=0.666; p=0.0005), and the length of the tip of the thumb and the index finger (r =0.663; p=0.0005) had the highest correlations with VDO.
Conclusion: It is concluded that this procedure is simple, cost-effective, and non-invasive, therefore it might be used in routine practice to ascertain the vertical dimension of occlusion.

Keywords: Dentistry practice, Vertical dimension of occlusion, Prosthodontic therapy

Frequency of viral hepatitis D among hepatic patients positive for HBV through PCR presenting at Aria Institute of Medical Sciences.

Zafar H Tanveer — 2024-10-06

Objective: The purpose of this study is to report frequency of hepatitis D virus among hepatitis B positive patients.
Methodology: This observational study was conducted from March 15, 2024 to August 28, 2024; at Aria Institute of Med-ical Sciences Quetta. Data for the research was collected after approval from IRB approval letter no ARIA-IRB-009-2024. Samples from all patients were collected after written consent permission with reassurance for anonymity of the data and it will be used only for research purpose. Samples were collected from those patients who were not diagnosed previously to hepatitis D.
Results: A total 138 positive HBS positive patient’s samples were tested for HDV through PCR among total samples 27 were positive and 111 were negative for HDV. Patient were divided into 3 age groups among them HBV positive were most common in 13 – 36 age group and HDV positive were most common in same age group.
Conclusion: HDV virus is becoming very common in 13 – 36 age groups which are positive for HBV virus.

Keywords: KAP, Immunization, Mothers, Infectious Diseases, Vaccination

Contributory factors leading to Biochemical change in children suffering from Nutritional rickets.

Sadia Tabassum — 2024-10-06

Objective: To determine contributory factors leading to biochemical change in selected children suffering from Nutritional
Rickets (NR) at Hyderabad.
Methodology: This comparative study was conducted from August 2022 to May 2023. Medically diagnosed rachitic children were selected from outpatient department of Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad. Interviews of patients as well as parents / guardians were conducted through a standard questionnaire. Blood samples were also collected for analysis of Calcium, Vitamin D, Alkaline Phosphatase, Hemoglobin and Phosphorous.
Results: Findings revealed that mostly girls were affected by this disease. Income of parents/ guardians of affected children was Rs. 20,000-Rs. 30,000, consequently balanced diet was not available due to limited income. 53% of children have been dwelling in open houses yet have been suffering from deficiency of vitamin D. Biochemical parameters of NR & control show that mean & standard deviation and p value of Calcium (p-0.004), Vitamin D (p-0.001), Phosphorus (p-0.003) and hemoglobin (p-0.001) have been low and alkaline phosphatase (p-0.002) have been statistical significantly higher than the control group.
Conclusion: Nutritional rickets is a multi-factorial health problem caused by malnutrition of children at early age of life coupled with inadequate mother feeding and other factors i.e. genetics, lack of care etc. Children are our future and we should pay attention to their bone health. National campaign aimed to develop awareness on consequences of risks of low level of Calcium and vitamin D is suggested.

Keywords: Nutritional Rickets, Alkaline Phosphatase, Vitamin D, Early age diet.

To evaluate the changes in Biochemical parameters of Breast cancer patients’ during treatment at Larkana Sindh.

Sikandar Khatoon Seelro — 2024-10-06

Objective: To evaluate the changes in blood chemistry of breast cancer patients while under treatment at Larkana Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Radiotherapy (LINAR) Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan.
Methodology: The present study was conducted on the two hundred Breast cancer patients and divided them in four groups on the basis of their treatment; age ranges between 20-70 years. Demographic characteristics of patients and blood samples were collected for biochemical parameters i.e., Electrolytes (Na+, k+, CI-, HCO3-), Calcium, Urea and Creatinine. Patients’ data was divided in groups on the basis of their treatment.
Results: Present study focused on analysis of biochemical parameters of breast cancer patients during treatment. 36% of patients suffering from Breast cancer have been belonging to age group 41-50 years; whereas 11% risk was also found in age group 20-30 years which is highly alarming. Urea & Creatinine was found highly significantly increased in all groups; this is indication of poor blood flow to kidneys and threat of renal failure.
Conclusion: Hyponatremia, hyperkalaemia, hypochloraemia and hypercalcemia was found in patients. Increased level of urea & creatinine is a big threat for renal failure in breast cancer patients. Chemotherapy with Radiotherapy and Surgery group was more prone to electrolytes imbalance.

Keywords: Breast cancer, Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Electrolytes, Treatment.

A retrospective study on ABO Blood Groups and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases.

Syed Farhanuddin — 2024-10-06

Objective: To investigate the potential association between ABO blood groups and the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in a population from Hyderabad, Pakistan.
Methodology: This was a retrospective comparative type of study conducted in the pulmonology OPD (Out Patient Department) of the Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad from June 2023 to September 2023. Five hundred and thirty (n =530) patients who visited pulmonology OPD were selected. Three hundred male and 230 female patients who visited the Pulmonology OPD for different respiratory illnesses were included in this study. COPD was diagnosed by the history
of illness and x-ray chest posterior-anterior (P/A) view. Blood groups were determined by the blood agglutination method.
Results: The results show that most COPD male patients (13.20%) contain the O group, 8.45% have the A group, 5.66% have the B group, and 0.56% have the AB group. The P value was > 0.05, which was relatively higher in the O group patient when Fischer’s exact test was applied.
Conclusion: The study concludes that there was a potential association between ABO blood group O and an increased risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), warranting further research to confirm these findings.

Key words: Blood group, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Rhesus group, Hyderabad, Pakistan.

Antioxidant and Hepato-protective effects of Ginger in Comparison with Atorvastatin in Hyperlipidemic Albino mice.

Nayab Qazi — 2024-10-06

Objective: This study was aimed to observe the effects of high fat diet on lipid levels and histomorphology of liver and detecting the preventive effects of ginger and atorvastatin on high fat diet induced hyperlipidemia in albino mice. Also the comparison between the two protective agents was observed.
Methodology: This experimental study was conducted at Department of Anatomy and Pathology, LUMHS Jamshoro and Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam for six months. This research comprised of 60 adult male mice, divided into four groups (each having 15 animals). Group A, normal control was given standard chow while Groups B, C and D were given high fat diet (cheese) along with chow for eight weeks followed by administration of ginger (15mg/30gm) to Group C and atorvastatin (0.3mg/30gms) to Group D for another eight weeks. Animals of Group B, hyperlipidemic control were left untreated. Weight of animals was measured weekly. Samples for serological and histological changes were taken before and after the induction of high fat diet and at the end of experiment.
Results: The research revealed deranged lipid profile with increased total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and Alanine transaminases, decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and distorted hepatic architecture after high fat diet which were significantly improved by the administration of ginger in Group C animals and to a lesser extent by atorvastatin in Group D.
Conclusion: Ginger only or concurrently with drug therapy proved to be effective hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective agent, reducing the vulnerability to chronic co-morbidities.

Keywords: Atorvastatin; Ginger rhizome; Hepatic ballooning; Lipid profile; Liver; Steatosis.

Correlation between Glycosylated Hemoglobin level with Angiographic findings of Coronary Artery Disease in different ages.

Sobia Humerah — 2024-10-06

Objective: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of major macro vascular complication of Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The object of study is to analyze the correlation of angiographic findings of CAD with changes of glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in CAD Patients, T2DM Patients and Patients having both CAD and T2DM as compared to normal in different age groups.
Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology (RIC) during 1st December 2020 to 28th February 2021. The study included 1540 (385 subjects in each group) from Rawalpindi Institute of Cardiology hospital presenting with symptoms of CAD. A Complete demographic data was taken. They were assessed according to HbA1c level and type of CAD based on angiographic findings. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to HBA1C ranging from <5 % to > 8.0% and 4 age groups ranging from 40 to 79 years.
Result: A statistical positive correlation between HBA1c with advancing age. Most vulnerable age group was 50-59 years in all groups of altered HBA1c. A statistical correlation between Angiography findings of CAD with HBA1c was significantly positive. (p<0.001).
Conclusion: HbA1c can be used as a predictor of severity of coronary artery disease measured by Angiographic findings as patients with a higher level of HbA1c had significant severe lesions on Angiography.

Keywords: Coronary heart disease, type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, HbA1c, Angiographic findings in CAD.

Alcoholic Hepatitis: A Paradigm shift of Prevention and Treatment Analyzed at Cellular level by Histo/Pathological Micrometric Assessment.

Raja Faisal Zulfiqar — 2024-10-06

Objective: To evaluate role of Vitamin C and Naproxen in Alcohol-induced liver toxicity by micrometric technique (hepatocyte count, size and nuclear diameter) in albino rats.
Methodology: This experimental interventional study was conducted at the sheikh Zayed medical college and hospital Rahim yar khan from December 2022 to March 2023. 60 albino rats with equal gender distribution were selected based on the random probability sampling technique and placed in three groups of 20, again with an equal gender distribution (1:1). Group A (positive control) was given purified Ethanol for 10 days., Group B was given Vitamin C and Naproxen
Prophylaxis for 7 days and later intoxicated with Ethanol for 10 days and Group C was simultaneously Administered Vitamin C, Naproxen, and Ethanol for 10 days. The hepatocyte count, size and nuclear diameter of all the groups were recorded by micrometric technique using ocular and stage micrometric scales. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 24.0 and P-Value of ≤0.05 considered Statistically Significant.
Results: Group A animals experienced decreased number of hepatocyte count, increase in size of cell and decrease in nucleus size; Group B showed similar picture as group “A” but less in intensity and Group C showed nearly normal hepatic architecture with hepatocyte count, size and nuclear size close to normal ranges.
Conclusion: The anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of Vitamin C and Naproxen demonstrated significant hepatoprotective effects on liver histologic architecture, providing safety from alcohol-induced liver injury.

Keywords: Naproxen, Prophylaxis, liver toxicity, alcoholic liver disease, vitamin C.

The response of Intravenous Iron sucrose in children with Iron Deficiency Anaemia unresponsive to Oral Iron Therapy.

Hina Batool — 2024-10-06

Objective: To evaluates the efficacy and safety of intravenous iron sucrose in paediatric patients with IDA who have not responded to or tolerated oral iron therapy.
Methodology: This observational study was conducted at Department of Paediatrics, Pakistan aeronautical complex (PAC) Hospital Kamra, from October 2023 to April 2024. Iron sucrose (Venofer®) was administered at a dose of 0.35 ml/kg, providing 100 to 200 mg of elemental iron per dose, on alternate days for three doses. Haemoglobin (Hb) and serum ferritin levels were measured 4 weeks post-treatment to evaluate response.
Results: Among the participants, 70 (70%) were male and 30 (30%) were female, with a mean age of 34.23 ±19.54 months. Results showed a significant increase in mean Hb from 7.92 ± 0.74 g/dl before treatment to 10.46 ± 0.94 g/dl after treatment (p = 0.001)
Conclusion: Clinicians should consider intravenous iron therapy to enhance patient outcomes, improve quality of life, and potentially reduce healthcare costs.

Keywords: Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA), Anaemia, Haemoglobin (Hb), Oral Iron, Intravenous Iron.

BCG Vaccination in COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the Emergency Department of a Low-Middle-Income Country: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Bariha Zehra Taqvi Syeda — 2024-10-06

Objective: To determine the severity and outcome of covid-19 patients who are vaccinated with BCG in our setup.
Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted, from 20th February 2021 to 30th August 2021, at emergency department, Aga Khan University Hospital, Data of interest from 93 covid-19 cases was recorded on predesign proforma. A total of 93 covid 19 positive patients who were included in this study. Effect modifiers were controlled by stratification. Chi-square test was applied post stratification to calculate the expected value and p-value ≤0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 47.36 years. Most patients were managed at special care unit for covid-19. We did not observe statistically significant association between BCG vaccinated patients (73.11%) and the age, gender, length of hospital stay, or patient disposition in this sample. (Observed p values were above 0.05).
Conclusion: Most cases of covid-19 were BCG vaccinated but there were no statistically significant differences between vaccinated and non-vaccinated individuals in term of age, gender and length of hospital stay.
Keywords: COVID 19, length of hospital stay and BCG vaccination.

Histopathological study of apoptotic cerebellar Purkinje neurons after extended Lithium Carbonate Oral Ingestion on Albino Rats.

Tazeen Kohari — 2024-10-06

Objective: To evaluate the purkinje neuronal apoptosis after extended Lithium treatment.
Methodology: This experimental research was conducted at Department of Anatomy, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Institute Karachi; from 1st of March 2020 to 2nd of May 2020.Twenty-four healthy male albino rats aged 11 to 12 weeks having body weights between 230 to 260 grams were selected and divided into two Groups A & B. The Control group (A) was given lab diet and animals of experiment group (B) were given the same diet as for animals of group A, along with Lithium carbonate tablet for a period of 8 weeks. Animals that had developed disease during the study period were excluded. Results were recorded in both groups. Statistical analysis was performed in both groups on SPSS version -21.
Results: On histological examination of cerebellar cortex there was decreased number of Purkinje neurons after 8 weeks of lithium ingestion. A highly significantly decreased p value < 0.000 was found in B group rodents as compared to that in control Group A.
Conclusion: This histological study had concluded that extended treatment with lithium results in purkinje neuronal damage in rat models.

Keywords: Tentorium cerebelli, Purkinje neurons, Bipolar disorder, Mania, Depression.

The association between second Trimester Preeclampsia and mean platelet volume. A Cross-Sectional Statistical Retrospective Study.

Kiran Waheed — 2024-10-06

Objective: To find association between preeclampsia occurring during 2nd trimester of pregnancy and mean platelet volume.
Methodology: To conduct this retrospective case-control study 200 pregnant female patients were recruited from February 2024 to June 2024.We included 140 were normotensive patients and 40 patients. with the criteria of preeclampsia. We obtained a second trimester (14 weeks to 26 weeks) complete blood count for all the patients for mean platelet volume observation.
Results: The participants with raised MPV during second trimester of pregnancy had a higher incidence of Preeclampsia than the normal population with normal MPV, with a significant statistical value (P-value 0.0001).
Conclusion: The results of our research indicate that patients exhibiting elevated mean platelet volume during the second trimester are more likely to develop preeclampsia later compared to those with normal mean platelet volume.

Keywords: Preeclampsia, Platelet Parameters, Platelet Count, Mean Platelet Volume.

Empathy unlocked: Enhancing Emotional Intelligence Skills using Communication Workshop for Undergraduates Medical and Dental Students.

Syed Aun Muhammad — 2024-10-06

Empathy is considered as a basic skill, if patient care is to be improved. Published literature showed that with academic progress from 1st year to final year, overall, there is a decline in empathy among undergraduates. Emerging evidence suggest that by stimulating emotional intelligence, we can improve empathy more effectively when compared to solely relying upon cognitive method of teaching.1 Review of the literature showed that in some way or other empathy may be taught“.2-5 Many ways to teach empathy has been proposed these includes; “improving interpersonal skills, audio or video-taping of encounters with patients, exposure to role model, role playing (aging game), shadowing a patient (patient navigator), hospitalisation experiences, studying literature and the arts, improving narrative skills, theatrical performances, and by discussing cases/clinical situation which has aroused feelings among students known as Balint method”. Among this interpersonal commination was addressed more in detail by Davis4 by developing Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) that identified multidimensional approach towards empathy and also ways how empathy may be improved. Different aspects of empathy and ways how it may be improved were best address by Krznaric et al.5 He identified 6 habits of highly empathic peoples and ways how these habits allow these empathic peoples to connect them with others very nicely.
When reviews on the subjects were assessed, we found three reviews of worth mentioning.

Comparison of Self-Esteem and Academic Procrastination among Male and Female Healthcare Undergraduates-A Comparative Study.

Kiran Fatima — 2024-10-06

Objective: To validate the academic procrastination scale (APS) and Rosenberg Self- Esteem Scale (RSES) and to compare mean score of self- esteem and academic procrastination among male and female students of Southern Punjab.
Methodology: This was the Cross-sectional study conducted among undergraduates of MBBS, Physiotherapy (DPT), Pharmacy (D-Pharmacy) and Allied Health Sciences (AHS) disciplines of private institute of Bahawalpur Medical College (BMC) from January till March-2024. The study tool was comprised of three sections. Section one was about demographic variables like gender, age, graduation program. APS of Tuckman and RSES was used to measure APS and SES in section two and three respectively. For data analysis SPSS version 27 was used. Normality of data was checked with Shapiro-Wilk test. Cronbach’s alpha was used to assess the validity of APS and RSES. P-value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.
Result: Total n=400 forms were distributed from which n=387 were included for data analysis with 93.6% of response rate There was total n=262 (67.7%) female and n=125 (32.3%) male students. Male students were found to be more procrastinator then female students (39.3 + 8.17) and (42.72 + 9.8) respectively. While comparing RSES, there was insignificant difference found. Male students had higher RSES score as compare to female students 27.93 + 4.6 and 28.6+ 4.50 respectively-table.3. APS was found to be validated tool at Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.821.
Conclusion: Academic Procrastination Scale was found to be valid tool in local context. Lower APS was found among male students showed more procrastinators then female gender.

Key Words: Academic Procrastination, Procrastination, Self-Esteem, undergraduates.

Community Health Workers Knowledge and Misconceptions Surrounding Osteoporosis Prevention: A Cross-sectional Survey.

Jamil Ahmed — 2024-10-06

Objective: To assess the knowledge, awareness, and common misconceptions about osteoporosis prevention and to identify gaps in understanding among community health workers in Lahore, Pakistan.
Methodology: All Lady Health Workers (LHWs) in Lahore employed in the National Program for Family Planning & Primary Health Care were considered relevant ppulations. Primary objective was to know knowledge about prevention of osteoporosis by using a validated questionnaire “Osteoporosis Prevention and Awareness Tool” (OPAAT). Secondary objectives include attitudes, practices, and misconceptions regarding osteoporosis. This cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2023 to January 2024 after calculating sample size (n=300). The data was entered and analyzed using SPSS version 27. The Chi-square test was employed to demonstrate associations between socio-demographic variables and osteoporosis prevention, awareness, and misconceptions.

Results: Among study participants (n=300) most aged between 39-48 years and 68% were married. Results showed that 18.67% of LHW has low knowledge, while 52.33% were having average knowledge regarding osteoporosis prevention and awareness. We found statistically significant association (p < 0.003) between greater levels of knowledge and academic qualification.
Conclusion: LHWs, major community health workforce, found to have not only average knowledge regarding prevention of osteoporosis but also has false belief about; a finding that dictate a dire need for development of educational strategy for LHWs regarding this important health issue.

Keywords: Lady Health Workers, Osteoporosis Prevention, OPAAT Score.

Knowledge of Dentist of Hyderabad regarding Dental treatment of pregnant patients.

Sajjad Ali Darvesh — 2024-10-06

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge of dentists of Hyderabad about treatment protocols of pregnant patient.
Methodology: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted from November 2023 to December 2023 in Hyderabad in collaboration with faculty of community dentistry, Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences Jamshoro. 200 dentists were contacted to participate in the study.
Results: According to our study dentists revealed that antibiotic amoxicillin was used in pregnant patients were 56% penicillin 9.4% and clindamycin 23.3%. According to dentists’ knowledge safest trimester for dental treatment is 2nd trimester. Regarding restoration most of the dentist revealed that glass ionomer cement is the best for pregnant patients.
Conclusion: We conclude that there is general lack of knowledge in dentist of Hyderabad regarding dental treatment of pregnant patients. Seminars, educational programs regarding dental treatment of pregnant patients should be arranged so that our dentist must update their knowledge. There is great need of adding guidelines in dental curriculum in order to reduce the risk of any mishap.

Key words: KAP, Dentist problem, Pregnant ladies. Hyderabad.

Blood Donation awareness and implementation among Undergraduate Medical Students of Sindh, Pakistan.

Kanwal Abbas Bhatti — 2024-10-06

Objective: To determine the knowledge and practice of blood donation among undergraduate students.
Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted at the Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro Pakistan from September 2021 to December 2021. A convenient sampling technique was applied for collection of sample comprised of undergraduate medical students of all disciplines and batches. All the participants were interviewed by using a validated questionnaire. The analysis was carried out with SPSS 22.0.
Results: Out of 374 respondents, 324 (86.6%) complied with the inclusion criteria. All 324 (86.6%) were non-blood donors; although majority is familiar with necessity of blood donation for the community. Among total population115 (35.5%) had no specific reason as their primary barrier towards blood donation, followed by 96 (29.6%) health-related issues. However, the most common motivation for 156 (48.1%) was approved certifications.
Conclusion: Medical students were revealed to have an excellent primary understanding of blood donation. It is necessary to organize blood donation camps on university campuses and increase help calls.

Keywords: Blood donation; KAP Study; Knowledge; Practice; Undergraduate students.

A systematic analysis of literature on academic writings, attitude, and excellence in the literary world as published in Scopus-indexed journals from 1991 to 2020.

Zameer Hussain Baladi — 2024-10-06

Objective: To assess the role of excellence and competencies in academic writing and how these have evolved, particularly in light of changes in the education system and technological advances.
Methodology: A comprehensive search was conducted to gather literature published across ten formats, which was subsequently downloaded from journals indexed in the Scopus database in a comma-separated values (CSV) file for systematic analysis. The search utilized the terms "Academic Writings," "Academic Attitude," and "Academic Excellence," and was restricted to the timeframe from 1991 to 2020.
Results: The available data encompasses ten distinct publication formats, which include articles (1820, 76.5%), books (30, 1.2%), book chapters (198, 8.3%), conference papers (119, 5%), editorials (39, 1.6%), errata (6, 0.2%), letters (13, 0.5%), notes (32, 1.3%), reviews (111, 4.6%), and short surveys (10, 0.4%). This information is derived from a total of 2378 documents collected for analysis. In the second decade, there was a 14% increase in the literature ratio compared to the first decade, while the third decade saw a 51.8% rise in the publication ratio relative to the first decade, based on the same total of 2378 publications. Specifically, the first decade accounted for 6.7% of the documents, the second decade for 20.6%, and the third decade for 72.5%.
Conclusion: Excellence in academic writing can be achieved by several means. It involves developing a positive attitude towards academic writing, which includes a commitment to producing high-quality work. By adopting these qualities, writers striving for academic excellence can create work that meets the highest academic writing standards and significantly advance knowledge.

Keywords: Academic writings, academic attitude, academic excellence, higher education, plagiarism, literary world, and
academic performance.

SAFE HYSTRECTOMY

Qamar-un-Nisa — 2024-10-06

Middle-aged women suffering from vesicovaginal fistula following hysterectomy represent a significant health issue within the community. Accurate diagnosis
and appropriate treatment selection are crucial for achieving effective outcomes. Ureterovaginal fistula is a severe condition that poses considerable clinical
challenges, exacerbated by social and psychological factors. On September 19, 2024, a one-day workshop was conducted in partnership with the Pakistan National Forum on Women’s Health and Muhammad Medical and Dental College, featuring Professor Pushpa Sirichand and her team. The event took place at Muhammad Medical and Dental College in Mirpurkhas and included participants from the Obstetrics and Gynecology department, postgraduate trainees, house officers, and paramedic staff from Muhammad Medical College and Isra University.

Beyond Teaching: The Indispensable Role of Research.

Syed Imran Mehmood — 2024-10-06

The question of whether a university can still be considered a university without research has sparked debate among academics and policymakers. Some argue that teaching and research are inseparable, while others believe that universities can focus solely on teaching without compromising their status. This short communication explores the role of research in defining a university and argues that research is essential to the very fabric of higher education.