Etiological factors and clinical presentation of chronic kidney disease among pediatric patients in Hyderabad, Sindh.

Abstract

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD), though a relatively uncommon in children yet a devastating disease with serious conditions that may leads to several complications like end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and even premature mortality.

Objective: To evaluate the etiological factors linked with chronic kidney disease among pediatric patients in Isra University hospital, Hyderabad, Sindh.

Methodology: Cross-sectional study was conducted at Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad from July 2019 to August 2020. Pediatric patients between the ages 6 months and 14 years, belongs to either gender, admitted during the study duration and diagnosed as having chronic kidney disease were included. Patient’s information related to etiological factors of disease and its symptoms was collected using written questionnaire. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS ver. 23.

Results: Out of total 62 pediatric patients, majority 53.2% were males and 46.7% were females. Mean age was 8.68±4.2 years (range from 6 months to 14 years). Majority, 29.0% patients were suffering from CKD stage III while 22.6% patients were suffering from stage II and IV. Renal hypoplasia or dysplasia (congenital small sized kidneys) was the most common (22.6%) underlying etiological factor followed by neurogenic bladder (19.3%) and unknown etiology (17.7%). Polyuria and bedwetting were more prominent complaint among males compared with female patients. Whereas, stunted growth was more prominent among female patients. There was a statistically significant (p<0.05) difference between polyuria, stunted growth, bed wetting among male and female patients.

Conclusion: Renal hypoplasia (congenital small sized kidneys) and neurogenic bladder are the major etiological factors of CKD among pediatric patients. While amongst the presenting complaints polyuria, nocturnal enuresis and stunted growth along with pallor are the chief presenting complaints.

Key words: Chronic kidney disease, neurogenic bladder, nocturnal enuresis .