Frequency of intra-aortic balloon pump insertion in coronary artery bypass grafting.

Abstract

Objective: To determine the frequency of intra-aortic balloon pump insertion in coronary artery bypass grafting.
Methodology: This Quasi-Experimental descriptive observational study conducted after enrolling 118 patients of either gender, aged 25-70 years during April 2025 to Oct 2025 at Cardiac Surgery Department, Peshawar Institute of Cardiolo-gy undergoing CABG, after diagnosis of coronary artery disease, defined by chest pain (VAS>3) and dyspnoea with confirmatory ECG findings. Patients with past history of cardiac surgery, end-stage renal disease, severe arrhythmias, pregnancy, neurological impairment, and chronic pulmonary disease were excluded. CABG was performed in all pa-tients. SPSS 25 was used. Frequency of intra-aortic balloon pump was determined. Mann-Whitney and Fisher’s exact tests were used, keeping p value significant at ≤ 0.05.
Results: Median age of 118 patients was 60 (52.75-65.25) years, with majority patients (n=90, 76.3%) being male. The median ejection fraction was 57 (46-59) %. The frequency of IABP insertion among CABG patients was 2.5% (n=3) (95% CI: 0.005 to 0.073). Ejection fraction was significantly lower in patients of IABP.
Conclusion: The observed correlation between IABP use and reduced ejection fraction underscores its role in managing patients with impaired ventricular function. These findings reinforce the value of IABP as a strategic perioperative inter-vention to optimize hemodynamic support in high-risk cardiac surgery.
Keywords: Intra-aortic balloon pump, coronary artery bypass grafting, cardiac surgery, ventricular dysfunction, ejection fraction